Integracijski procesi migranata: nalazi istraživanja i izazovi za javne politike

This contribution discusses the integration processes of immigrants and minorities with a recent immigrant background, and the policies related to the process of settlement of these newcomers in European societies at all relevant levels: from the local level of municipalities and cities, to the national level of states, and the international level of the European Union. Within this general approach, however, a strong emphasis is put on the local level, since that is the level where such policies have to be implemented and are primarily felt, both by the immigrants themselves and by those parts of society that are most affected by immigration. To describe the current state of integration research and policies, this paper will explore in the first section the nature of integration processes, their conceptualisation and lessons from empirical studies. The reason for devoting some space to these topics is the assertion that any integration policy should be based on a thorough, scientifically-based knowledge of the processes of integration and exclusion: if a policy wants to steer such a process, it should have a clear idea of what instruments it can use possibly to intervene, in which part of the process, and at what particular moment. Such knowledge is a solid starting point for policy-making, but it is not enough. Processes of policy-making and implementation follow their own set course, which do not necessarily run parallel to the process of integration. That is why, in the following section, the author attempts to explain some of these processes. At the end of this paper he returns to the core questions of immigration and integration policies on the one hand, and the relationship between local, national and international integration policies on the other.U radu se raspravlja o integracijskim procesima imigranata i manjina skorašnjeg imigrantskog porijekla kao i o javnim politikama koje se odnose na naseljavanje tih pridošlica u europska društva na svim relevantnim razinama: od lokalne razine općina i gradova do nacionalne razine država i međunarodne razine Europske unije. Ipak, unutar tog općeg pristupa, jako se naglašava lokalna razina jer se te javne politike trebaju provesti upravo na toj razini i prvenstveno se na njoj zamjećuju, a osjećaju ih kako sami migranti tako i oni dijelovi društva koje imigracija najviše pogađa. Kako bi se prikazalo sadašnje stanje istraživanja integracije i integracijskih politika, u prvom dijelu rada istražuje se priroda integracijskih procesa, njihova konceptualizacija i pouke empirijskih istraživanja. Razlog bavljenja tim temama je tvrdnja da se svaka integracijska politika treba zasnivati na iscrpnom, znanstveno utemeljenom znanju o procesima integracije i isključivanja: ako javna politika želi upravljati takvim procesom, treba imati jasnu ideju o tome koje instrumente može upotrijebiti u slučaju moguće intervencije, u kojem dijelu procesa i u kojem posebnom trenutku. Takvo je znanje čvrsta polazna točka za kreiranje javne politike, ali to nije dovoljno. Procesi kreiranja javne politike i njezine provedbe imaju svoj vlastiti određeni tijek, ali oni se ne moraju odvijati usporedo s integracijskim procesom. Zbog toga u nastavku autor nastoji objasniti neke od tih procesa. Na kraju rada vraća se bitnim pitanjima – imigraciji i integracijskim politikama s jedne strane, a s druge odnosu između lokalnih, nacionalnih i međunarodnih integracijskih politika

Trade unions, immigration and immigrants in Europe revisited: unions’ attitudes and actions under new conditions

This paper revisits the comparative approach used by Penninx and Roosblad (Trade Unions, Immigration and Immigrants in Europe, 1960-1993. New York: Berghahn Books) to study trade unions’ attitudes and actions in relation to immigrant workers in seven Western European countries. It reassesses that approach and asks whether it remains valid, as economic, social, and political circumstances nowadays seem fundamentally different from those two to five decades ago. Each element of the original conceptual and explanatory frame is reassessed and its suitability weighed for an updated comparative study. The reassessment combines insights from migration studies with findings from the field of industrial relations. The latter highlight internal union variables in explaining trade unions’ attitudes and actions, while the former underline trade unions’ role as social and political actors in defending migrant rights

Pathways towards Legal Migration into the EU: Reappraising concepts, trajectories and policies. CEPS Paperback, September 2017

On 27 January 2017, the Justice and Home Affairs Section of CEPS and the Directorate-General for Migration and Home Affairs (DG HOME) of the European Commission co-organised a policy workshop in Brussels entitled “Reappraising the EU legal migration acquis: Legal pathways for a new model of economic migration, and the role of social science research”. The event brought together leading academics, practitioners and European Commission representatives to assess and discuss the state of play in the (internal and external) EU legal migration acquis, and its role in developing legal pathways towards economic migration. Held under the Chatham House Rule, the policy workshop’s roundtable discussions allowed participants to identify and address some of the key challenges, inconsistencies and gaps in the standing EU policies and legislation in the area of legal and economic migration. Scholars involved in EU and nationally funded, collaborative research projects on social science and humanities (SSH) had the opportunity to exchange interdisciplinary knowledge with European Commission officials representing the different services working on legal migration policies. The role and potential of independent academic research in the framework of EU migration policymaking were also discussed. The full programme of the policy workshop is reproduced in the annex of this book

Codevelopment and citizenship: the nexus between policies on local migrant incorporation and migrant transnational practices in Spain

Over the last decade both national and local actors in Spain have picked up on international trends encouraging a policy framework of migration and development. Policies of codevelopment are tied in with issues of migration management in the sense of linking current and future migration flows with processes of development in the country of origin. However, this article demonstrates how codevelopment policies and initiatives of local governments in Catalonia also relate to migrants’ local process of incorporation in their country of residence. In so doing the article seeks to bridge and contribute to studies of migration and development as well as issues of national and local citizenship and migrant incorporation. Importantly, the article highlights the role of receiving country local governments in the nexus between migrant transnational practices and processes of incorporation

Problems of and solutions for the study of immigrant integration

Abstract In his contribution, Willem Schinkel makes critical observations on the concept of immigrant integration and its use in Europe, specifically in the Netherlands. Three of these are agreeable: there is a lot of fuzziness around the concept; there is clearly selectivity and normativity in its use in political rhetoric and in research; there is also a strong influence of politics and policy on what is researched and how. However, Schinkel’s diagnosis of why these shortcomings exist and whose shortcomings these are, is erratic. Firstly, he does not recognize that the concept of integration has fundamental different functions in research and in policy. That makes his diagnosis of why the integration concept in research is problematic misleading. Secondly, Schinkel’s analysis focuses on the assumed function of research: “..it plays a crucial role in the problematization of migrant others” and “it is part of the contingent way in which ‘immigrant integration’ sustains a classed and raced form of dominance that is less precisely called ‘native’ or even ‘nativist’ than ‘white’.” Such sweeping interpretations lead Schinkel to plea “for a social science against immigrant integration policy”, whatever that would mean. The author of this article offers an alternative solution to problems of research that Schinkel signalizes. It includes three main elements: a) a broad, heuristic, scientific definition of the process of integration that studies the (outcomes of) interaction between newcomers and the receiving society at three levels (individual, collective and institutional), taking into account three dimensions of that process: the juridical/legal, the socioeconomic and the cultural/religious dimension. Such a definition is (and should be) independent of any policy concept of integration. b) studying integration policies as fundamentally different from the analysis of the process of integration; the former should be studied as – by definition normative, politics driven - efforts to steer integration processes. c) researchers should be aware of the consequences of policy-research-relations (particularly funding) and assure their scientific independence

Migration and the City: Social Cohesion and Integration Policies

One of the dominant features of the postwar era is the phenomenon of globalization and internationalization. This development is manifested in a number of areas. The financial world was one of the first to emancipate from national borders and authorities and to go worldwide. Following the free movement of capital, economic activities and products are now also much less restricted by national boundaries than they used to be. The development of technology in information, communication and transport has evidently contributed to this new economic and financial world order. And in its wake it has assisted internationalization in cultural and political matters. The coming into existence of the European Union is a manifestation of the latter. These developments in itself have brought more external influences and diversity particularly to larger cities that are the local spaces of internationalization. Two specific consequences of this general process do have in practice a great influence on larger cities. The first is that this globalization in all those domains has inevitably consequences for the movement of human beings: a growing number of people linked to the internationalization move across borders. There is a substantial migration directly linked to multinational companies. In general one might say that the labour market of the highly skilled has become increasingly international. This kind of migration – which often is temporary – is generally not seen as problematic, although it contributes clearly to growing diversity. However, these are not the only people who move. A far greater number of people move as an indirect consequence of globalization: the increased reach of communication and transport, the higher density of networks globally and thus the increase of intermediary structures that facilitate migration, have significantly contributed to the growth of immigration of workers and refugees and their family members. Until 1974 their arrival was welcomed and even stimulated by recruitment because of the demand for their labour, but after the restructuring of European economy in the seventies they kept coming unasked for. It is particularly this category of newcomers that is perceived as problematic in the eyes of the societies of settlement

Processos a políticas (locais) de integração : estado do conhecimento e ilações

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